增量城市化和振兴的艺术

“很多人一直使用术语‘增量城市化，’我认为我们只是介绍了小，微薄的项目集中在地方决策与替代，这将是开发像往常一样，”铂尔曼解释说。“典型的开发涉及到依靠组装主要的土地和高昂的前期成本较大的总体规划项目。因为他们有高风险，他们需要有高回报，以及 - 由于这些融资元素 - 它们是由投资者和投资回报率的需求，而不是什么社会或特定建筑物可能需要驱动。它是由金融而不是真实的地方制作，建筑物或社区的需求所驱动。增量城市化鼓励更小的项目，但如果执行一段时间以一致的方式，有助于城市创造一个更宜居，充满活力的地方的条款。”

经济与社区投资

在许多方面，经济状况就必须一个小规模的，草根的方式来振兴。虽然一些城市有资金分发给他们的街区，别人有自己的双手被绑，财政或政治原因。“Big master plan development relies on real estate development companies and large state investments, which really aren’t available these days, either, city contributions like land assembly and tax abatement," Pullman says. "Smaller-scale projects can be paid for by individual building owners or neighborhood developers. It is a more community-driven process as a result.” Carrying on without the red tape of bureaucracy, too, means that revitalization happens more quickly and consistently. Whether the development takes place incrementally because of budgetary constraints or the intentional shrinking of government intervention, this community-driven approach has value.

的Studio One十一平反是代表一个单独的建筑物业主，并建立本地企业（一家唱片店和咖啡厅）之间的协作努力一个属性。建筑物业主找到了这些企业和协力与他们创造的适应性再利用项目 - 和充满活力的街景 - 在长滩四街一个新兴的艺术区。独立的企业带来了活力，增强了小区的身份。铂尔曼解释说，过程的每个步骤增加了建设和周边地区的活力：“人们挂出来喝咖啡，然后他们把它变成供应晚餐一间咖啡厅。It’s been doing so well that they even wanted to enhance what they had, and that’s where this idea of parklets came in. There’s parking nearby, but they don’t have a whole lot of area for outdoor dining, and we have this great weather here in Southern California. You sacrifice one or one and a half parking spaces and improve the building by providing better visibility to the street, an area where they can fit 12 or 13 tables, and it’s a pleasant place to sit. It’s going to slow the traffic on the street and, with all of the pedestrian activity and events, it’s really becoming a place, a 'people place.' The parklets really enhance that.”

建筑物业主的，铂尔曼说，“他是投资于建设，他认为这是一个更大的上下文的一部分。如果邻里改善，他的财产价值上升。所以他不只是关心他的投资即时回报;他要建立的东西为长远。He’s looking at place making and community advancement all as part and parcel of what he’s trying to create there, and I think that’s a different paradigm than somebody who is going to try and build it, flip it, and make his money back in the short order. So in that sense, what I think it does is contribute to community building as well as to somebody’s individual real estate venture. It reaches out to the community in ways that the typical developer doesn’t.”

建立联系

众所周知，人们都喜欢适合步行、对行人友好的零售环境。即使是较新的总体规划项目，也会模仿“主街”。Razing a couple of blocks and building new, however, isn’t always an option – or an advantage. In the case of Los Angeles’ La Brea district, incremental urbanism provided the route to utilizing a set of old industrial buildings to create space that was not only more economically feasible but also more architecturally interesting. “Once you clean them up – you sandblast the brick, the wood trusses – you’re really dealing with a kind of architecture you can’t recreate in today’s contemporary building practices," Pullman says. "These are fantastic spaces and they’re really desirable for independent retailers, creative office users, and people that want to do really interesting, distinctive restaurants.” The rehabilitation of these industrial facilities, formerly without windows and contributing nothing to the street life, created a more welcoming, walkable environment.

这些建筑，但是，并没有一下子提高了，也没开始在每一个空间的永久居民。铂尔曼解释说，“他们的复健一端的建筑之一，停车场结构为项目提供公共停车接种项目。他们把一些临时住户像一个艺术画廊，艺术装置，并弹出商店。他们与播种一些事情开始的，现在这是怎么回事，他们开始得到签署租约，当他们开始得到我们已经开始制定每栋楼租赁。”的能量，而不是收入，是什么让这些空间可行的，定位在建设持续增长。创建连接并作为其他零售商的扩展（著名的精品美国抹布位于街对面），拉布雷亚大道现在的位置设有两个独立的服装零售商和餐厅。

正是这些联系推动了渐进式城市主义的概念——通过街道生活和充满活力的人行道创造联系。拉布雷亚的下一步是改善其中一些联系。“现在我们开始在街道的那一边生活，我们的下一阶段包括一些街景改善。我们想让街道更适合步行，包括更多的景观美化。街道中间的中线会减慢交通;这条街需要中间街区的人行横道。“更完整的街道能让购物者真正与购物场所、社区互动，而不只是开车去零售机构，然后再开车回家。”一组企业联合起来形成一个改善区，真正的工作是振兴该地区作为一个整体。

另一个神奇的子弹?

“我一直从事这方面的工作，而我不会说，你可以做一个整个城市或振兴整个城市，这样的事情，”铂尔曼说。“有时候你需要更大的项目，但我喜欢它，当社区能够走到一起，实际上使事情发生，是参与者而不是旁观者。”正如没有一个放之四海而皆准的解决办法作品每一个社区，增量城市化将不会普遍治愈我们的建筑环境的弊病。它确实表明，但是，承诺的行动，社区推动的经济增长，并在振兴一个全新的视角是路径值得当资源稀缺性和创造性时间探索走一段很长的路要走。