Foam Board Insulation
Foam boards的-rigid板保温，可用于隔离你的家几乎所有的部分，从屋顶下来的基础。它们提供了良好的散热性，往往添加结构强度到您家。泡沫板绝缘护套通过结构元件，如木材和钢螺栓降低热传导。
主题摘要
泡沫板类型
The most common types of materials used in making foam board includepolystyrene,polyisocyanurate or polyiso和聚氨酯。
模塑发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫板（MEPS）是可模塑成许多日常用品，如咖啡杯和运输的材料，或为泡沫板绝缘的大张的闭孔材料。MEPS泡沫板绝缘通常被称为beadboard。
为了使beadboard，松散，含液体戊烷未膨胀聚苯乙烯珠与发泡剂混合，并倾入一个密封容器。将混合物加热到扩大珠多次原始大小。然后将珠被注入到模具中。下更多的热量和压力，它们膨胀到成为泡沫块，根据需要，它们成形。
The physical properties of MEPS foam board vary with the type of bead used. It's manufactured at various densities, depending on the application. Beadboard for roofing materials has to be dense enough to walk on without damage; wall insulation foam boards are several times less dense than roof boards. R-values range from 3.8 to 4.4 per inch (2.54 cm) of thickness.
MEPS foam board is available with a variety of饰面。由于发泡颗粒之间的空隙可以吸收水，蒸气扩散缓凝剂是必要的，如果通过隔热层水传输可能会成为一个问题。
MEPS泡沫板还常被用作绝缘为结构隔热板（SIP）的和绝缘混凝土模板（的ICF）。
挤塑发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫板（XEPS）类似于MEPS闭孔泡沫绝缘材料。为了它，聚苯乙烯颗粒与各种化学品液化它们混合。然后，将发泡剂注入到该混合物中，形成气泡。发泡，粘稠液体然后通过成形模具被迫。当冷却时，根据需要，面板被切断。泡沫密度一般是每立方英尺1.5磅（每立方米24公斤）。
XEPS is more expensive than MEPS. Like MEPS, the R-value depends upon the density of the material and is generally about R-5 per inch. It's also much more consistent in density and has a higher compressive strength than MEPS, making it better suited for use on roofs or for wall panels. Extruded polystyrene also has excellent resistance to moisture absorption.
Like MEPS, XEPS is available with a variety of facings and is also often used as the insulation for SIPs and ICFs.
Polyisocyanurate and Polyurethane Foam Board聚异氰酸酯或聚异和聚氨酯是非常相似的，闭孔泡沫保温材料。因为这两种材料提供每英寸厚度高的R值（R 5.6〜R 8）时，可以使用更薄的泡沫板，以达到所需的热阻。这可能是一个优势，如果你有空间的限制。
多异泡沫板绝缘可用在各种抗压强度。Compressive strength refers to the ability of a rigid foam board to resist deformation and maintain its shape when subjected to a force or load. Also, polyiso remains stable over a wide temperature range (-100ºF to +250ºF). This makes it good as roofing insulation. And when used with a laminated aluminum foil facing, polyiso foam board provides an effective moisture or vapor barrier.
These foam boards can also be used to make SIPs.
安装
The maximum performance of foam board insulation depends heavily on proper installation. Therefore, it's best to have a certified insulation installer do it. If you'd like to have it installed professionally, you should do the following:
- 几个承包商为获得书面的成本估算R值you need. Don't be surprised to find quoted prices for a given R-value installation to vary by more than a factor of two.
- 询问他们的气封的服务和成本的承包商以及，如果需要的话。
为了评估棉絮安装，你可以测量棉絮厚度和检查絮垫间的差距。
If you want to install it yourself, you should try to obtain instructions and safety precautions from the manufacturer. Carefully follow these instructions. You should also check your local building and fire codes.
避免阳光直射伤害
保护所有类型的泡沫绝缘材料，避免阳光直射。随着时间推移，阳光中的紫外线会损坏绝缘。屋顶，这通常是通过将涂层如焦油，丙烯酸，硅树脂，或橡胶涂料进行。还可以覆盖具有橡胶或塑料膜，或者沥青和屋顶毡层的泡沫。请确保您使用的是兼容的产品。在一些涂料中的溶剂溶解某些塑料。
避免潜在的潮湿问题
在寒冷的天气，暖内部空气含水蒸气可以得到过去的壁光洁度和保温，较冷的壁腔内部冷凝。在炎热，潮湿的气候同样的事情会发生，只是方向相反。在夏天潮湿的室外空气会凝结内部凉爽，空调墙洞。如果这还不够发生，水无法逃脱，木材腐烂，模具等水分相关的问题可能会发生。出于这个原因，建筑法规往往需要安装蒸气扩散缓凝剂在壁空腔的最暖侧。
泡沫板绝缘通常置于外部饰面（即，壁板，砖）和外部壁的柱之间。为防止空气渗入，应该将硬质绝缘板紧紧在一起和密封用胶带或填缝的接缝。然而，这种做法可能会担心一些建筑商在寒冷的气候，因为泡沫板可以作为第二蒸气扩散缓凝剂作用。有研究显示，但是，冷凝很少出现在这些区域，除非有严重错误墙体组装（即大规模无节制的空气漏入从房子的墙壁）。如果组件构建正确，泡沫板保持温暖足够的内表面，以保持水蒸汽在气体状态足够长的时间让它逃脱。
避免潜在的昆虫问题
当绝缘基础，你需要考虑的是，虽然虫子都不吃的泡沫板，就可以很容易地通过它的隧道。昆虫洞穴减少R值和绝缘的结构完整性。由于这些原因，一些厂家把自己的泡沫产品有杀虫剂，通常是硼酸盐化合物。许多建筑辖区也强制治疗围绕地球用杀虫剂建设。这些司法管辖区可能还需要检查区域几英寸宽，都围绕着一个房子的基础保持裸保温板。
A better solution for below-grade walls in need of insulation is to install the foam board over the interior of the basement walls rather than on the exterior, which is more common. Interior applications prevent ground-dwelling insects from finding the foam board at all, and they eliminate the need for the bare inspection area. Insulating interior walls, however, requires careful attention to moisture control.
最jurisdictions also require installing a fire barrier over the interior foam board. While this adds extra cost, the thermal performance of this method is superior in most cases to the more common exterior foam board application. This equates with a dollar savings in energy that can repay you many times over for the additional cost of an interior application. If you plan to convert a basement into a living space, there is almost no additional cost.
Ensuring Fire Protection
Foam insulation is relatively hard to ignite, but when it is ignited, it burns readily and emits a dense smoke containing many toxic gases. The combustion characteristics of foam insulation products vary with the combustion temperatures, chemical formulation, and available air.
由于这些特点，泡沫用于建筑需要覆盖的防火屏障。一个半英寸厚（1.27厘米），石膏墙板是最常见的防火屏障之一。有些建筑规范，但是，并不需要对某些金属表面，泡沫层压制品的额外的防火屏障。请与您当地的建筑法规/消防官员和什么在你的区域是允许的特定信息的保险公司。
文章来源：能源效率的能源办公室美国能源部可再生能源（EERE）。对于最先进的最新信息，请访问EERE网站。
